WANG Shuo, DENG Yuntian, PENG Huan, ZHANG Xiangfeng. Progress in the Treatment of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2023, 14(2): 409-415. DOI: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2022-0151
Citation: WANG Shuo, DENG Yuntian, PENG Huan, ZHANG Xiangfeng. Progress in the Treatment of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2023, 14(2): 409-415. DOI: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2022-0151

Progress in the Treatment of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

More Information
  • Corresponding author:

    ZHANG Xiangfeng, E-mail: xfzh20008@163.com

  • Received Date: March 25, 2022
  • Accepted Date: May 26, 2022
  • Available Online: August 08, 2022
  • Issue Publish Date: March 29, 2023
  • Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with high incidence rate and mortality worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common malignancy. The traditional treatment of NSCLC mainly depends on chemical drugs. In recent years, immunotherapy has become a hot spot in the treatment of NSCLC and made remarkable progress. The overall objective remission rate of immunotherapy for NSCLC patients is about 20%. A large number of new biological immune agents have been developed and applied in clinic. Among them, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has the widest application and the most positive effect on NSCLC. This paper summarizes the research status and progress of immunotherapy biomarkers of NSCLC in recent years, with the hope of improving the accuracy of immunotherapy and better guiding individualized treatment of NSCLC patients.
  • [1]
    Garon EB, Rizvi NA, Hui RN, et al. Pembrolizumab for the Treatment of Non-small-cell Lung Cancer[J]. N Engl J Med, 2015, 372: 2018-2028. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1501824
    [2]
    Brahmer J, Reckamp KL, Baas P, et al. Nivolumab Versus Docetaxel in Advanced Squamous-Cell Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer[J]. N Engl J Med, 2015, 373: 123-135. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1504627
    [3]
    江昌, 易玲, 高翔, 等. 非小细胞肺癌免疫治疗生物标志物研究进展[J]. 中国肺癌杂志, 2022, 25: 46-53. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FAIZ202201006.htm

    Jiang C, Yi L, Gao X, et al. Research Progress of Immunotherapy Biomarkers for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer[J]. Zhongguo Feiai Zazhi, 2022, 25: 46-53. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FAIZ202201006.htm
    [4]
    Reck M, Ciuleanu TE, Cobo M, et al. First-line Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab With Two Cycles of Chemotherapy Versus Chemotherapy Alone (Four Cycles) in Advanced Non-small-cell Lung Cancer: CheckMate 9LA 2-year Update[J]. ESMO Open, 2021, 6: 100273. DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100273
    [5]
    Reck M, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Robinson AG, et al. Pembrolizumab Versus Chemotherapy for PD-L1-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer[J]. N Engl J Med, 2016, 375: 1823-1833. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1606774
    [6]
    Pardoll DM. The Blockade of Immune Checkpoints in Cancer Immunotherapy[J]. Nat Rev Cancer, 2012, 12: 252-264. DOI: 10.1038/nrc3239
    [7]
    Tekguc M, Wing JB, Osaki M, et al. Treg-expressed CTLA-4 Depletes CD80/CD86 by Trogocytosis, Releasing Free PD-L1 on Antigen-presenting Cells[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2021, 118: e2023739118. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023739118
    [8]
    Morad G, Helmink BA, Sharma P, et al. Hallmarks of Response, Resistance, and Toxicity to Immune Checkpoint Blockade[J]. Cell, 2021, 184: 5309-5337. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.09.020
    [9]
    Reck M, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Robinson AG, et al. Five-Year Outcomes With Pembrolizumab Versus Chemotherapy for Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer With PD-L1 Tumor Proportion Score ≥ 50[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2021, 39: 2339-2349. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.21.00174
    [10]
    Ma CL, Sun X, Shen D, et al. Ectopic Expression of LAG-3 in non-Small-cell Lung Cancer Cells and Its Clinical Significance[J]. J Clin Lab Anal, 2020, 34: e23244.
    [11]
    Datar I, Sanmamed MF, Wang J, et al. Expression Analysis and Significance of PD-1, LAG-3, and TIM-3 in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Using Spatially Resolved and Multiparametric Single-Cell Analysis[J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2019, 25: 4663-4673. DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-4142
    [12]
    Ding L, Getz G, Wheeler DA, et al. Somatic Mutations Affect Key Pathways in Lung Adenocarcinoma[J]. Nature, 2008, 455: 1069-1075. DOI: 10.1038/nature07423
    [13]
    Levin SD, Taft DW, Brandt CS, et al. Vstm3 Is a Member of the CD28 Family and an Important Modulator of T-cell Function[J]. Eur J Immunol, 2011, 41: 902-915. DOI: 10.1002/eji.201041136
    [14]
    Stanietsky N, Rovis TL, Glasner A, et al. Mouse TIGIT Inhibits NK-cell Cytotoxicity Upon Interaction With PVR[J]. Eur J Immunol, 2013, 43: 2138-2150. DOI: 10.1002/eji.201243072
    [15]
    Dardalhon V, Schubart AS, Reddy J, et al. CD226 Is Specifically Expressed on the Surface of Th1 Cells and Regulates Their Expansion and Effector Functions[J]. J Immunol, 2005, 175: 1558-1565. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.3.1558
    [16]
    Ocaña-Guzman R. Torre-Bouscoulet L, Sada-Ovalle I. TIM-3 Regulates Distinct Functions in Macrophages[J]. Front Immunol, 2016, 7: 229.
    [17]
    Zhou KJ, Guo S, Tong S, et al. Immunosuppression of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells on T cell Subsets via the Reduction of NF-kappaB Activation Mediated by PD-L1/PD-1 and Gal-9/TIM-3 Pathways[J]. Stem Cells Dev, 2018, 27: 1191-1202. DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0033
    [18]
    He YY, Yu H, Rozeboom L, et al. LAG-3 Protein Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Its Relationship with PD-1/PD-L1 and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes[J]. J Thorac Oncol, 2017, 12: 814-823. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.01.019
    [19]
    Wennerberg E, Mukherjee S, Spada S, et al. Expression of the mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase ART1 by Tumor Cells Mediates Immune Resistance in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer[J]. Sci Transl Med, 2022, 14: eabe8195. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abe8195
    [20]
    Wiede F, Lu KH, Du X, et al. PTP1B Is an Intracellular Checkpoint that Limits T-cell and CAR T-cell Antitumor Immunity[J]. Cancer Discov, 2022, 12: 752-773. DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-21-0694
    [21]
    Kuske M, Haist M, Jung T, et al. Immunomodulatory Properties of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-More than Boosting T-Cell Responses?[J]. Cancers (Basel), 2022, 14: 1710. DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071710
    [22]
    Mao SQ, Zhou F, Liu YW, et al. ICI Plus Chemotherapy Prolonged Survival Over ICI Alone in Patients With Previously Treated Advanced NSCLC[J]. Cancer Immunol Immunother, 2022, 71: 219-228. DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02974-9
    [23]
    Ma XT, Zhang YJ, Wang S, et al. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) Combination Therapy Compared to Monotherapy in Advanced Solid Cancer: a Systematic Review[J]. J Cancer, 2021, 12: 1318-1333. DOI: 10.7150/jca.49174
    [24]
    Brueckl WM, Ficker JH, Zeitler G. Clinically Relevant Prognostic and Predictive Markers for Immune-checkpoint-inhibitor (ICI) Therapy in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)[J]. BMC Cancer, 2020, 20: 1185. DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07690-8
    [25]
    Paz-Ares L, Ciuleanu TE, Cobo M, et al. First-line Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab Combined With Two Cycles of Chemotherapy in Patients With Non-small-cell Lung Cancer (CheckMate 9LA): an International, Randomised, Open-label, Phase 3 Trial[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2021, 22: 198-211. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30641-0
    [26]
    Muto S, Inomata S, Yamaguchi H, et al. CTLA-4 Expression in Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes Is Irrelevant to PD-L1 Expression in NSCLC[J]. Anticancer Res, 2021, 41: 6267-6272. DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15447
    [27]
    Formenti SC, Rudqvist NP, Golden E, et al. Radiotherapy induces responses of lung cancer to CTLA-4 blockade[J]. Nat Med, 2018, 12: 1845-1851.
    [28]
    Lynch TJ, Bondarenko I, Luft A, et al. Ipilimumab in Combination With Paclitaxel and Carboplatin as First-line Treatment in Stage ⅢB/Ⅳ Non-small-cell Lung Cancer: Results From a Randomized, Double-blind, Multicenter Phase Ⅱ Study[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2012, 30: 2046-2054. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2011.38.4032
    [29]
    Jiang CJ, Zhang L, Xu XP, et al. Engineering a Smart Agent for Enhanced Immunotherapy Effect by Simultaneously Blocking PD-L1 and CTLA-4[J]. Adv Sci (Weinh), 2021, 8: e2102500. DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102500
    [30]
    Zhou YX, Lin Z, Zhang XY, et al. First-line Treatment for Patients With Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma and High PD-L1 Expression: Pembrolizumab or Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy[J]. J Immunother Cancer, 2019, 7: 120. DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0600-6
    [31]
    Nassabein R, Gaudreau PO, Belkaid W, et al. A Phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ Study of Pembrolizumab in Combination With Nab-paclitaxel in Patients With Unresectable Stage Ⅲ or Stage Ⅳ non Small-cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC)[J]. Cancer Treat Res Commun, 2021, 28: 100421. DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100421
    [32]
    Incorvaia L, Fanale D, Badalamenti G, et al. Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) as a Predictive Biomarker for Pembrolizumab Therapy in Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)[J]. Adv Ther, 2019, 36: 2600-2617. DOI: 10.1007/s12325-019-01057-7
    [33]
    Leighl NB, Hellmann MD, Hui R, et al. Pembrolizumab in Patients With Advanced Non-small-cell Lung Cancer (KEYNOTE-001): 3-year Results From an Open-label, Phase 1 Study[J]. Lancet Respir Med, 2019, 7: 347-357. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(18)30500-9
    [34]
    Mansfield AS, Herbst RS, de Castro G, et al. Outcomes With Pembrolizumab Monotherapy in Patients With Programmed Death-Ligand 1-Positive NSCLC With Brain Metastases: Pooled Analysis of KEYNOTE-001, 010, 024, and 042[J]. JTO Clin Res Rep, 2021, 2: 100205.
    [35]
    Oki R, Hirakawa Y, Kimura H, et al. Renal Effects after Pembrolizumab Treatment for Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma[J]. Intern Med, 2020, 59: 977-981. DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.3928-19
    [36]
    Shionoya Y, Hirohashi Y, Takahashi H, et al. Possible Pseudo-progression of Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma in a Patient With Clinical Hyper-progression Associated With Trousseau Syndrome Who Was Treated With Pembrolizumab: A Case Report[J]. Anticancer Res, 2021, 41: 3699-3706. DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15161
    [37]
    Brahmer JR, Govindan R, Anders RA, et al. The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer consensus statement on immunotherapy for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)[J]. J Immunother Cancer, 2018, 6: 75. DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0382-2
    [38]
    Tobita S, Kinehara Y, Tamura Y, et al. Successful Continuous Nivolumab Therapy for Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer After Local Treatment of Oligometastatic Lesions[J]. Thorac Cancer, 2020, 11: 2357-2360. DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13539
    [39]
    Figueiredo A, Almeida MA, Almodovar MT, et al. Real-world Data From the Portuguese Nivolumab Expanded Access Program (EAP) in Previously Treated Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)[J]. Pulmonology, 2020, 26: 10-17. DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2019.06.001
    [40]
    Schmid S, Diem S, Li QY, et al. Organ-specific Response to Nivolumab in Patients With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)[J]. Cancer Immunol Immunother, 2018, 67: 1825-1832. DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2239-4
    [41]
    Hellmann MD, Paz-Ares L, Bernabe Caro R, et al. Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer[J]. N Engl J Med, 2019, 381: 2020-2031. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1910231
    [42]
    Paz-Ares LG, Ramalingam SS, Ciuleanu TE, et al. First-Line Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab in Advanced NSCLC: 4-Year Outcomes From the Randomized, Open-Label, Phase 3 CheckMate 227 Part 1 Trial[J]. J Thorac Oncol, 2022, 17: 289-308. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.09.010
    [43]
    Vokes EE, Ready N, Felip E, et al. Nivolumab Versus Docetaxel in Previously Treated Advanced Non-small-cell Lung Cancer (CheckMate 017 and CheckMate 057): 3-year Update and Outcomes in Patients With Liver Metastases[J]. Ann Oncol, 2018, 29: 959-965. DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy041
    [44]
    Naito T, Umemura S, Nakamura H, et al. Successful Treatment With Nivolumab for SMARCA4-deficient Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma With a High Tumor Mutation Burden: a Case Report[J]. Thorac Cancer, 2019, 10: 1285-1288. DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13070
    [45]
    Kim JS, Nam TS, Kim J, et al. Myasthenia Gravis and Myopathy After Nivolumab Treatment for Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma: a Case Report[J]. Thorac Cancer, 2019, 10: 2045-2049. DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13177
    [46]
    Antonia SJ, Villegas A, Daniel D, et al. Durvalumab After Chemoradiotherapy in Stage Ⅲ Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer[J]. N Engl J Med, 2017, 377: 1919-1929. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1709937
    [47]
    Li DN, Lu WQ, Yang BW, et al. Atezolizumab Mono-therapy or Plus Chemotherapy in First-Line Treatment for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis[J]. Front Immunol, 2021, 12: 666909. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666909
    [48]
    Fehrenbacher L, Spira A, Ballinger M, et al. Atezoli-zumab Versus Docetaxel for Patients With Previously Treated Non-small-cell Lung Cancer (POPLAR): a Multicentre, Open-label, Phase 2 Randomised Controlled Trial[J]. Lancet, 2016, 387: 1837-1846. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00587-0
    [49]
    Zhou Q, Chen M, Jiang O, et al. Sugemalimab Versus Placebo After Concurrent or Sequential Chemoradiotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced, Unresectable, Stage Ⅲ Non-small-cell Lung Cancer in China (GEMSTONE-301): Interim Results of a Randomised, Double-blind, Multicentre, Phase 3 Trial[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2022, 23: 209-219. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00630-6
    [50]
    Zhou CC, Wang ZP, Sun YP, et al. Sugemalimab Versus Placebo, in Combination With Platinum-based Chemotherapy, as First-line Treatment of Metastatic Non-small-cell Lung Cancer (GEMSTONE-302): Interim and Final Analyses of a Double-blind, Randomised, Phase 3 Clinical Trial[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2022, 23: 220-233. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00650-1
    [51]
    Boyer M, Şendur MAN, Rodríguez-Abreu D, et al. Pembrolizumab Plus Ipilimumab or Placebo for Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer With PD-L1 Tumor Proportion Score ≥ 50%: Randomized, Double-Blind Phase Ⅲ KEYNOTE-598 Study[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2021, 39: 2327-2338. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.20.03579
    [52]
    Zhou J, Yu X, Hou LK, et al. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Remodels Tumor Microenvironment by Upregulating LAG-3 in Advanced Non-small-cell Lung Cancer[J]. Lung Cancer, 2021, 153: 143-149. DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.01.010
    [53]
    Anon. Tiragolumab Impresses in Multiple Trials[J]. Cancer Discov, 2020, 10: 1086-1087.
    [54]
    Houssaini MS, Damou M, Ismaili N. Advances in the Management of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): A New Practice Changing Data From asco 2020 Annual Meeting[J]. Cancer Treat Res Commun, 2020, 25: 100239. DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2020.100239
    [55]
    Horvath L, Pircher A. ASCO 2020 Non-small Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Personal Highlights[J]. Memo, 2021, 14: 66-69. DOI: 10.1007/s12254-020-00673-2
    [56]
    Niu J, Maurice-Dror C, Lee DH, et al. First-in-human Phase 1 Study of the anti-TIGIT Antibody Vibostolimab as Monotherapy or With Pembrolizumab for Advanced Solid Tumors, Including Non-small-cell Lung Cancer[J]. Ann Oncol, 2022, 33: 169-180. DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.11.002
    [57]
    Anon. An Anti-TIGIT Antibody with a PD-1 Inhibitor Shows Promise in Solid Tumors[J]. Cancer Discov, 2022, 12: 14.
    [58]
    Gomes de Morais AL, Cerdá S, de Miguel M. New Checkpoint Inhibitors on the Road: Targeting TIM-3 in Solid Tumors[J]. Curr Oncol Rep, 2022, 24: 651-658. DOI: 10.1007/s11912-022-01218-y
    [59]
    Curigliano G, Gelderblom H, Mach N, et al. Phase I/Ib Clinical Trial of Sabatolimab, an Anti-TIM-3 Antibody, Alone and in Combination with Spartalizumab, an Anti-PD-1 Antibody, in Advanced Solid Tumors[J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2021, 27: 3620-3629. DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-20-4746
    [60]
    Khunger M, Hernandez AV, Pasupuleti V, et al. Programmed Cell Death 1 (PD-1) Ligand (PD-L1) Expression in Solid Tumors As a Predictive Biomarker of Benefit From PD-1/PD-L1 Axis Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis[J]. JCO Precis Oncol, 2017, 1: 1-15.
    [61]
    Yun J, Lee SH, Kim SY, et al. Antitumor Activity of Amivantamab(JNJ-61186372), an EGFR-MET Bispecific Anti-body, in Diverse Models of EGFR Exon 20 Insertion-Driven NSCLC[J]. Cancer Discov, 2020, 10: 1194-1209. DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-20-0116
    [62]
    Park K, Haura EB, Leighl NB, et al. Amivantamab in EGFR Exon 20 Insertion-Mutated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Progressing on Platinum Chemotherapy: Initial Results From the CHRYSALIS Phase I Study[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2021, 39: 3391-3402. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.21.00662
    [63]
    Syed YY. Amivantamab: First Approval[J]. Drugs, 2021, 81: 1349-1353. DOI: 10.1007/s40265-021-01561-7
    [64]
    中国临床肿瘤学会指南工作委员会. 小细胞肺癌诊疗指南2021[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2021.
  • Related Articles

    [1]WEN Xuejun, ZHOU Wuhao, GUO Zhide, ZHANG Xianzhong. Integrin αvβ3 Targeted Radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-RGD Combined with Anti-PD-L1 mAb to Enhance the Anti-tumor Effect in Tumor Immunotherapy[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2023, 14(4): 766-773. DOI: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2023-0155
    [2]LI Tao, ZHANG Kan, YANG Wenyu, LIU Lu, ZHENG Xuan, ZHANG Fan, HU Yi. Clinical Application of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors CTLA-4 in Solid Tumors[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2023, 14(3): 652-659. DOI: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2022-0617
    [3]LUO Xiangchong, WANG Zhouqing, LI Qiongyan, MAO Guibing, AN Le, ZHU Jiahong, TAO E'hong, SUN Lifei, WANG Shengfei, LI Gaofeng. Pharmacological Effects and Clinical Evaluation of PD-1 Inhibitor of Tislelizumab in the Treatment of Advanced Malignant Tumors[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2022, 13(4): 679-686. DOI: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2021-0691
    [4]Ya-ping LUO, Fang LI, Miao YU, Xiao-ping XING, Tai-ping ZHANG, Yu-pei ZHAO. Procedure Guideline of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Localizing Insulinoma[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2020, 11(4): 486-491. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-9081.2020.04.022
    [5]Xian-xian YUAN, Hong-bo YANG, Hui-juan ZHU, Hui PAN. Measurement and the Reference Range of Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor-1[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2020, 11(4): 472-478. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-9081.2020.04.020
    [6]Lei LIU, Jia-qi ZHANG, Gui-ge WANG, Cheng HUANG, Li LI, Nai-xin LIANG, Shan-qing LI. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2019, 10(6): 666-672. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-9081.2019.06.020
    [7]Hai-jing WU, Si-qi FU, Qian-wen LI, Hui-ming ZHANG, Qian-jin LU, Zhong GUO. Biomarkers of Melanoma: from Genetics to Epigenetics[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2018, 9(1): 60-68. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-9081.2018.01.012
    [8]Hong Yang, Shanshan Hu, Gechong Ruan, Xiaoou Yang, Jiaming Qian. Expression of ARHI and HuR in PANC-1 Cells[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2017, 8(1): 39-42. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-9081.2017.01.009
    [9]Xiao YANG, Bin WU, Yi XIAO, Guo-le LIN, Bei-zhan NIU, Hui-zhong QIU. Surgery for Rectal Carcinoids of 1-2 cm in Diameter in 31 Patients[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2014, 5(4): 429-431. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-9081.2014.04.015
    [10]Xiao-hua SHI, Zhi-yong LIANG, Huan-wen WU, Xin-yu REN, Tong-hua LIU. Effect of RNA Interference Plasmid on the Expression of Oncogene AKT2 in Pancreatic Cancer Cell Line Panc-1[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2012, 3(1): 102-108. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-9081.2012.01.021
  • Cited by

    Periodical cited type(13)

    1. 张曼,杨旭. 医院高质量发展背景下博士后培养体系的实践及探索. 中国继续医学教育. 2025(03): 193-198 .
    2. 郭利忠,臧广超. 医学本科生创新能力培养的实践与改革探索. 中华医学教育探索杂志. 2024(03): 378-382 .
    3. 李沛,朱圣洁,赵宁,邱月. 我国临床医生科研能力现状与培养策略. 中华医学教育杂志. 2024(12): 915-919 .
    4. 黄华,朱雪晴,唐艺瑜,邱越,匡铭. 新质生产力赋能大型公立医院国际合作交流的实践与思考. 现代医院. 2024(12): 1813-1816 .
    5. 张裕娇,段斌斌,李倩,苏颖,蔡开琳,黄恺,姚强,李刚. 临床博士后并轨规范化培训项目开展的现状、问题及对策——基于双一流建设高校的一项调查. 中国卫生事业管理. 2024(12): 1420-1423 .
    6. 卢迎宁,王洪海,刘丽红. 基于CiteSpace的医学教育创新研究动态及热点分析. 卫生职业教育. 2023(11): 126-130 .
    7. 刘宇,杨钰一,侯岫岐,丁君怡,魏倩,卢炼,王颖. 基层医疗集团通过引进博士后提升科研实力的探索与实践——以深圳市罗湖医院集团为例. 现代医院. 2023(06): 956-959 .
    8. 张玫,郑燕鸣,江丰,罗丽珊,张露文. 创新中医院“三工程一计划”中医药人才培养机制实践探讨. 现代医院. 2023(12): 1923-1925+1928 .
    9. 许志威,吴敏昊,郭开华,杨冬成,高国全,王淑珍. 基础医学拔尖创新人才培养机制的探索与实践. 医学教育管理. 2022(03): 255-259+275 .
    10. 王卓青,刘洪江,冯劭婷,李海,张昆松,肖海鹏. 人才和科技是实现慢病精准化管理的必由之路——中山大学附属第一医院的思考和探索. 中华内分泌代谢杂志. 2022(08): 629-632 .
    11. 杜勃,董魁,高妍,周国宏,白雪,王泽远. 眼视光医学本科《眼科前沿与聚焦》教学现状调查. 临床医药实践. 2022(11): 854-856 .
    12. 谢波,曹静敏,徐希宇,周志浩. 大健康视域下拔尖创新人才培养的思考. 盐城工学院学报(社会科学版). 2022(04): 105-107 .
    13. 杨舒雅,梁伟,孙元杰,王静,杨琨. 免疫学超敏反应课程教学设计与实践. 细胞与分子免疫学杂志. 2022(11): 1051-1054 .

    Other cited types(2)

Catalog

    Article Metrics

    Article views (859) PDF downloads (145) Cited by(15)
    Related

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return
    x Close Forever Close