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Droughts can have serious environmental and economic consequences, such as resource scarcity, loss of biodiversity, and an increased risk of wildfires. Accurate drought data can help in managing water resources, and supports disaster response, climate change studies, and informed decision making to reduce future risk. This Collection highlights a series of articles describing drought datasets. Datasets are presented without hypotheses or conclusions, and analyses should focus on validating the dataset to ensure reliability and quality for reuse in the community. Data can be sourced from remote sensing, primary measurements, or theoretical models, with Data Descriptors providing the full details of data sources, modelling, and any associated computational resources.