A Bibliometric Analysis of the Global Research on Multimorbidity in Older Adults from 2000 to 2023
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摘要:目的
分析2000—2023年老年人共病领域的国际研究趋势及前沿热点,以期为老年人共病研究提供借鉴。
方法检索Web of Science数据库,将文献类型限制为“Article”或“Review”,纳入发表时间为2000年1月1日—2023年10月24日的老年人共病相关英文文献。采用VOSviewer 1.6.18软件对文献中的内容进行提取,并绘制高产国家/地区(发文量≥30篇)、机构(发文量≥43篇)的合作网络图及高频关键词(出现频次≥74次)的共现关系时间线图。采用CiteSpace 6.1.R6软件对作者、研究机构、国家等信息进行共现和聚类分析。采用R语言“bibliometrix”包分析文献的关键词演变趋势。
结果共获得老年人共病相关文献2590篇(包括Article 2230篇、Review 360篇)。自2000年以来全球发文量快速增长,美国在该领域的发文量(35.02%,907/2590)及总被引频次(31 343次)均最多。加拿大多伦多大学的发文量最大(2.59%,67/2590),加拿大麦克马斯特大学的Jenny Ploeg(1.24%,32/2590)是成果产出最多的作者。BMC Geriatr(3.82%,99/2590)是收录老年人共病相关文献最多的期刊。该领域高频关键词主要为“multimorbidity”“older adults”“frailty”“aging”和“polypharmacy”。
结论近年来,老年人共病研究的热点主要集中于老年人共病与衰老的关系,以及与共病相关的衰弱和多重用药方面。未来可更多围绕老年综合评估、初级卫生保健以及生活质量等内容展开研究。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo analyze the research trends and cutting-edge hot spots in the field of multimorbidity in older adults from 2000 to 2023 to provide reference for related research.
MethodsWe conducted a search in the Web of Science Core Collection database, specifically looking for articles or reviews in English on multimorbidity in older adults published between January 1, 2000 and October 24, 2023. VOSviewer 1.6.18 software was used to extract the contents in the literature and draw the cooperative network diagram of high-producing countries(≥30 articles) and institutions(≥43 articles) as well as the timeline diagram of high-frequency keywords(≥74 occurrences) co-occurrence relationship. CiteSpace 6.1.R6 software was used to co-occur and cluster analyze the information of authors, research institutions and countries. The "bibliometrix" package in R was used to analyze the evolution of keywords in the literature.
ResultsA total of 2590 documents consisting of 2230 Articles and 360 Reviews were obtained. The worldwide publication count significantly increased since 2000. Among the countries, the United States had the highest number of publications (35.02%, 907/2590) and total citations(31 343 times) in this field. The University of Toronto in Canada had the largest number of articles(2.59%, 67/2590). Jenny Ploeg of McMaster University was recognized as the most prolific author(1.24%, 32/2590). When it came to journals, BMC Geriatrics had the highest amount of literature related to multimorbidity(3.82%, 99/2590). The key areas of research in this field included multimorbidity, older adults, frailty, aging, and polypharmacy. Notably, there was growing interest in studying the relationship between multimorbidity and aging in older adults, as well as the impact of frailty and polypharmacy on multimorbidities.
ConclusionsIn recent years, research on multimorbidities in the elderly has primarily centered around examining the correlation between comorbidities and aging, as well as exploring the impact of frailty and polypharmacy on individuals with multimorbidities. Future research could delve into primary health care, comprehensive geriatric assessment for older adults with multimorbidities, and maintenance of their overall quality of life.
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Keywords:
- multimorbidity /
- older adults /
- bibliometrics /
- visual analysis /
- research hot spots /
- clinical practice
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患者男性,70岁,因“发作性意识障碍4个月余”于2022年8月收住北京协和医院内分泌科。
患者于4个月前某日午餐4 h后突发意识障碍,伴大汗、走路不稳。遂就诊于当地医院,指测血糖2.2 mmol/L,予静脉推注葡萄糖,20 min后症状缓解。此后患者多次于餐后3~4 h出现意识模糊、手足舞动、对答不切题,发作时指测血糖均低于2.8 mmol/L,静推或口服葡萄糖后意识可恢复。2022年7月于当地医院查空腹静脉血糖为3.8 mmol/L,胰岛素为28.0 μIU/mL;动态血糖监测提示空腹、餐后2~3 h、夜间22∶00~24∶00时血糖多次低于检测下限;甲胎蛋白(alpha-fetoprotein, AFP)、癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA)、糖类抗原199(carbohydrate antigen199,CA199)、前列腺特异性抗原(prostate specific antigen,PSA)等肿瘤标志物均为(-)。腹部增强CT示:胰腺大小形态及密度正常,肝内可见多发结节状低密度影,最大约2.1 cm×2.1 cm。增强MRI示:肝脏多发占位性病变,考虑转移瘤可能性大。
入院查体:血压131/86 mm Hg(1 mm Hg= 0.133 kPa),脉搏86次/min,体质量指数29.17 kg/m2,体型均匀肥胖,神志清,对答流畅,未见黑棘皮征,双肺呼吸音清,心律齐,腹软,双下肢无水肿。患者否认含巯基类药物、胰岛素及磺脲类药物使用史;个人史、既往史无特殊;具有肺癌家族史。
患者为老年男性,慢性病程,主要表现为发作性意识障碍,发作时静脉血糖低于2.8 mmol/L,进食后症状缓解,符合Whipple三联征的典型表现[1],因此低血糖症定性诊断明确。当血糖低于3 mmol/L时,同步胰岛素水平超过3 μIU/mL,符合胰岛素依赖性低血糖症。患者否认胰岛素使用史,因此不考虑外源性胰岛素所致低血糖。内源性高胰岛素性低血糖症的病因涵盖广泛,包括胰岛素瘤、非胰岛素瘤性胰源性低血糖综合征、Roux-en-Y胃旁路术后胰岛细胞增生症、先天性高胰岛素血症、胰岛素自身免疫综合征、反应性低血糖及胰岛素促泌剂的使用等。结合外院影像学检查结果,首先考虑胰岛素瘤。
患者入院后,密切监测其血糖水平,并在血糖低于2.8 mmol/L时留取同步C肽、胰岛素、胰岛素原以及尿常规样本,以进一步证实内源性高胰岛素性低血糖症的诊断。鉴于外院腹部增强CT未显示胰腺异常,需完善胰腺增强灌注CT、奥曲肽显像以进一步定位病灶,必要时还需完善68Ga-NOTA-Exendin-4 PET/CT以及超声内镜等检查以明确定位诊断。目前,影像学检查在区分良恶性胰岛素瘤方面效果显著,如胰腺灌注CT、3T MRI、Exendin4-PET/CT等技术的诊断灵敏度和特异度均超过90%,其中胰腺灌注CT在诊断胰岛素瘤方面的灵敏度和特异度均高达94.6%[2-3]。结合多种影像学检查有助于提高定位诊断的准确性。此外,患者存在肝脏多发占位,已进行肿瘤标志物筛查,需进一步行病理检查以明确占位性质。考虑到胰岛素瘤可能是多发性内分泌腺瘤病的组分之一,入院后可完善甲状旁腺激素、游离钙、血钙、血磷、24 h尿钙、垂体前叶功能、胃泌素、胰高血糖素、降钙素等筛查。
患者入院后,完善低血糖症定性及定位诊断相关检查。当两次测得静脉血糖低于2.8 mmol/L时,同步检测显示胰岛素≥ 3 μIU/mL,C肽≥0.6 ng/mL(详见表 1),这一结果支持内源性高胰岛素血症引起的低血糖症。同时,胰岛素自身抗体(insulin autoantibodies,IAA)(-),抗核抗体(antinuclear antibody,ANA)(+) 1∶80。此外,AFP、CEA、CA199、CA242、A72-4等肿瘤标志物均在正常范围。胰腺增强CT+灌注显示,胰头钩突处存在一稍高强化占位(约1.6 cm×1.7 cm, 图 1A),考虑神经内分泌肿瘤可能;肝内多发动脉期稍高强化结节(较大者长径约1.5 cm,图 1B),肝S8段多发稍低强化结节(较大者长径约1.3 cm),转移灶可能。奥曲肽显像结果显示:胰头钩突局部放射性摄取轻度增高,范围约为2.4 cm×1.7 cm,肝内多发稍低密度结节,放射性摄取高于周围肝实质,最大者约为1.7 cm×1.7 cm,生长抑素受体高表达,考虑胰头钩突神经内分泌肿瘤伴多发肝转移可能。68Ga-NOTA-Exendin-4 PET/CT扫描显示,胰头钩突部可见放射性摄取增高灶(1.3 cm×1.4 cm),其最大标准摄取值(standardized uptake value max,SUVmax) 为4.7(图 1C);肝内可见多发放射性摄取增高灶,其中较大者长径约1.3 cm,SUVmax为3.3(图 1D)。腹部超声提示:肝内多发实性占位,肝多发囊肿,胆囊泥沙样结石可能,胆总管增宽。在多发性内分泌腺瘤病筛查方面,患者的垂体前叶功能、血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素以及垂体常规MRI等检查结果均未见明显异常。
表 1 低血糖症定性诊断相关指标Table 1. Qualitative diagnostic indicators for hypoglycemia时间 静脉血糖(mmol/L) 胰岛素(μIU/mL) C肽(ng/mL) 胰岛素原(pg/mL) 晚餐前 2.0 40.7 3.91 955 睡前 2.2 120.1 8.45 922 图 1 恶性胰岛素瘤定位诊断A.胰腺增强CT+灌注(肝脏动脉期),可见胰头部稍高强化占位(约1.6 cm ×1.7 cm);B.肝内多发稍高强化结节,较大者长径约1.5 cm;C.68Ga-NOTA-Exendin-4 PET/CT示胰头钩突局部放射性摄取轻度增高;D.肝内可见多发放射性摄取增高灶Figure 1. Localization diagnosis of malignant insulinomaA.pancreatic enhanced CT with perfusion (hepatic arterial phase) reveals a slightly hyper-enhancing mass in the head of the pancreas, measuring approximately 1.6 cm×1.7 cm; B.multiple slightly hyper-enhancing nodules within the liver, with the largest having a diameter of about 1.5 cm; C.68Ga-NOTA-Exendin-4 PET/CT shows a mild increase in local radiotracer uptake in the hook of the pancreatic head; D.multiple foci of increased radiotracer uptake are visible within the liver经内分泌全科大查房后,请基本外科、肝脏外科、放射科、肿瘤内科和消化内科等多学科会诊,患者“低血糖症、恶性胰岛素瘤肝内多发转移”诊断明确。鉴于当前病情,多学科团队建议先行肝内动脉栓塞,并联合依维莫司治疗。待病灶有所缩小、血糖水平稳定后,再评估是否行胰腺原发肿瘤手术。随后,患者开始接受奥曲肽治疗,0.1 mg皮下注射,每8小时1次,并规律加餐生玉米淀粉。经上述治疗,患者的低血糖症状得到明显改善。随后由放射科行经肝动脉造影、碘油栓塞术,以及CT引导下经皮肝穿刺活检。肝活检病理结果显示为神经内分泌肿瘤(胰岛素瘤),倾向于G2期(图 2A)。免疫组化分析显示(图 2B、2C):Insulin(+),CgA(+),Gastrin(-),Glucagon(-),Ki-67(index3%),Somatostatin(-),Syn(+),P53(野生型),ATRX(部分+),SSTR2(+),MGMT(-)。随后复查肝功能无明显异常,患者开始口服依维莫司,每日1次,每次5 mg。经过上述综合治疗,患者的血糖水平稳定在3.0~6.8 mmol/L之间。此后半年,患者接受了2次肝转移瘤栓塞和射频消融术。后复查胸腹CT示: 胰头钩突高强化结节灶;肝内多发稍低密度结节,部分较前缩小; 部分原高强化灶转为无明显强化,部分较前变化不大。目前患者接受规律随访,整体状况良好,继续口服依维莫司,夜间基本无需加餐,监测血糖均在正常范围。
图 2 肝穿刺活检组织病理切片染色A.HE染色(×80),符合神经内分泌肿瘤,细胞形态单一,呈巢状分布,周围血管丰富;B.Insulin染色(×80);C.Ki-67免疫组化染色(×20)Figure 2. Histological findings in liver biopsy samplesA.HE staining (×80 magnification) is consistent with neuroendocrine tumor, with uniform cell morphology, arranged in a nest-like distribution, and surrounded by abundant blood vessels; B.insulin staining (×80 magnification); C.Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining(×20 magnification)该例患者恶性胰岛素瘤合并肝转移(T1N0M1a,Ⅳ期,G2级)诊断明确。胰岛素瘤作为功能性胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤中最常见的类型[4-5],通常体积较小,且多数位于胰腺体尾部。尽管90%的胰岛素瘤为良性,但一旦出现转移,即可被判定为恶性,其中以肝转移最常见[6]。恶性胰岛素瘤与良性相比,其肿瘤体积往往更大,并伴随远处转移灶。由于产生胰岛素更多,恶性胰岛素瘤导致的低血糖症状更为严重、持续时间也更长。胰岛素和胰岛素原水平也可用作良恶性胰岛素瘤的鉴别指标[7]。一项纳入121例成人恶性胰岛素瘤的研究发现, 患者的平均诊断年龄为56.0岁,男女比例约为3∶4, 平均肿瘤大小为3.0 cm,原发肿瘤直径中位数为1.8 cm(0.7~13.5 cm)。其中胰体/胰尾的恶性胰岛素瘤占比为46.3%,而胰头部仅占18.2%。肿瘤侵犯范围多样,包括局限于胰腺内(39.7%)、发生远处转移(38.8%)以及侵犯周围器官组织或区域淋巴结(15.7%)。患者的中位总生存期为143个月,其中5年和10年总生存率分别为58% 和55%。影响患者预后不良的因素主要包括无法接受手术治疗及存在远处转移等[8-9]。
恶性胰岛素瘤的综合治疗因其复杂性和挑战性,需多学科团队协作以改善患者的长期预后。对于恶性胰岛素瘤,手术切除通常为首选治疗方式,但对于合并肝转移的患者,必须全面评估原发灶和肝转移灶手术切除的可能性。欧洲内分泌肿瘤协会将胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤肝转移分为3型[10]:Ⅰ型为单一肝转移,可行标准手术切除,占比约20%~25%;Ⅱ型为复杂型,即分布于两侧肝脏、伴有小卫星灶的孤立转移块,尽管具有挑战性,仍可考虑外科处理,占比约10%~15%;Ⅲ型为弥漫型,即两叶弥散分布转移瘤,无法手术干预,占比高达60%~70%。肝转移负荷对药物疗效具有直接影响。一项关于生长抑素类似物抗肿瘤生长的临床研究显示[11],肝转移负荷>25%与≤25%的患者相比,中位生存时间明显缩短(24.1个月比50.8个月)。对于合并Ⅲ型肝转移瘤的患者,局部治疗是一个值得考虑的选项,主要包括经动脉途径治疗和消融治疗[12-13]。经动脉途径治疗包括肝动脉栓塞、肝动脉化疗栓塞和肝动脉放射性微球栓塞[14];而消融治疗则包括射频消融和微波消融。鉴于本例患者年龄较大,且肝转移灶为Ⅲ型,目前无法进行手术切除。考虑到患者原发病灶体积小,肿瘤负荷主要集中于肝脏,故优先处理肝脏病灶。对于原发病灶的局部治疗,如超声内镜下无水乙醇注射等,暂不作为首要考虑。在药物选择方面,虽然生长抑素类似物可有效抑制胰岛素的分泌,但也可能抑制胰高糖素的分泌,增加低血糖风险[15]。鉴于本例患者还患有胆囊泥沙样结石,长期使用生长抑素类似物可能有加重胆道疾病的风险[16],因此长效生长抑素类似物并不适用于该患者。在靶向治疗药物中,哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)抑制剂(如依维莫司),被欧洲肿瘤内科学会指南推荐用于较低级别胰腺神经内分泌瘤的治疗[17],有助于延长患者的无进展生存时间。化疗方案则更适用于G3级肝转移患者[18]。此外,肽受体-放射性核素治疗和肝移植等其他治疗方法也可根据患者的具体情况进行考虑。
随着医学研究的深入,胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的治疗取得了新的突破。DAXX/ATRX、EPHB4、ROS1和KMT2A等基因突变的研究为未来的治疗策略提供了潜在靶点[19]。值得注意的是,胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤在其基因表达上展现出独特性,其程序性细胞死亡蛋白-1(programmed cell death protein-1,PD-1)的表达水平高于其他类型神经内分泌肿瘤,且伴有更多的肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞[20]。因此,以PD-1抑制剂和抗血管内皮生长因子单抗为代表的免疫疗法,为胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的治疗展现了较好的应用前景。该患者经多次肝内动脉栓塞及射频消融治疗,同时联合依维莫司靶向治疗,其肝内转移灶逐渐缩小,且血糖水平稳定在正常范围。后续患者需定期规律随访和复查,综合评估治疗效果,据此决定是否行胰腺原发肿瘤手术或超声内镜下无菌乙醇注射治疗。
综上,本文报道了一例恶性胰岛素瘤伴多发肝转移患者的临床特征及其诊疗经过。该病例的诊治不仅为临床医师提供了宝贵的实践经验,也带来一些重要启示:当遇到高度疑似胰岛素瘤的病例时,应综合运用多种影像学手段进行定位检查,以确保诊断的准确性和可靠性。此外,多学科协作诊疗模式对于提高此类患者的长期生存率至关重要。不同学科间的紧密协作与持续沟通,为患者制订更为全面、精细且高度个体化的治疗方案,不仅可显著提高治疗效果,有效延长患者的生存时间,而且能够显著改善患者的生活质量。
作者贡献:张宁负责论文构思、数据分析、论文撰写;张晓辰负责文献检索、文献筛选、数据分析;何牧负责文献筛选、数据分析;康琳、曲璇、朱鸣雷负责文献检索及论文修订;孙晓红负责论文修订与审核。利益冲突:所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突 -
表 1 发文量、连接强度、被引频次居前10位的国家
Table 1 Top 10 countries in terms of number of publications, link strength and frequency of citations
序号 国家 发文量(篇) 国家 连接强度 国家 被引频次(次) 1 美国 907 英国 396 美国 31 343 2 英国 240 美国 371 英国 10099 3 加拿大 228 意大利 323 意大利 9258 4 意大利 206 西班牙 300 荷兰 7193 5 荷兰 200 荷兰 278 加拿大 7191 6 德国 191 德国 254 德国 5782 7 中国 185 澳大利亚 243 瑞典 5086 8 西班牙 184 法国 193 瑞士 4462 9 澳大利亚 183 加拿大 170 西班牙 3944 10 瑞典 105 比利时 170 澳大利亚 3693 表 2 发文量、被引频次及共被引频次居前10位的作者
Table 2 Top 10 authors in terms of number of publications, citation frequency and co-citation frequency
序号 作者 发文量(篇) 作者 被引频次(次) 作者 共被引频次(次) 1 Jenny Ploeg 32 Alessandra Marengoni 3491 Alessandra Marengoni 566 2 Maureen Markle-Reid 29 Laura Fratiglioni 2794 Linda P Fried 496 3 Davide L.Vetrano 29 Susan M.Smith 1419 Martin Fortin 437 4 Alessandra Marengoni 28 Graziano Onder 1186 Mary E.Charlson 425 5 Cynthia M.Boyd 22 Martin Fortin 1123 World Health Organization 400 6 Amaia Calderon-Larranaga 22 Davide L.Vetrano 997 Cynthia M.Boyd 357 7 Graziano Onder 22 Cynthia M.Boyd 972 Karen Barnett 342 8 Laura Fratiglioni 21 Jenny Ploeg 963 Mary E Tinetti 335 9 Ai Koyanagi 17 Maureen Markle-Reid 815 Martine Exterman 293 10 Kathryn Fisher 16 Emma Wallace 799 Ronald C.Kessler 273 表 3 发文量、总连接强度、被引频次居前10位的研究机构
Table 3 Top 10 research institutions in terms of number of publications, total link strength and citation frequency
序号 机构名称 发文量(篇) 机构名称 总连接强度 机构名称 被引频次(次) 1 多伦多大学 67 卡罗林斯卡学院 164 卡罗林斯卡学院 4128 2 卡罗林斯卡学院 63 多伦多大学 135 哥伦比亚大学 3640 3 麦克马斯特大学 53 斯德哥尔摩大学 125 布雷西亚大学 3552 4 约翰斯·霍普金斯大学 51 约翰斯·霍普金斯大学 117 约翰斯·霍普金斯大学 3343 5 华盛顿大学 50 杜克大学 115 斯德哥尔摩大学 3055 6 密歇根州立大学 49 加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校 114 斯德哥尔摩老年研究中心 2830 7 杜克大学 47 布雷西亚大学 102 伦敦卫生与热带医学院 2731 8 加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校 45 哈佛医学院 100 印第安纳大学 2653 9 悉尼大学 45 圣心天主教大学 96 拉德堡德大学 2570 10 伦敦国王学院 43 斯德哥尔摩老年研究中心 94 匹兹堡大学 2134 表 4 发文量、被引频次居前10位的期刊
Table 4 Top 10 journals in terms of number of publications and frequency of citations
序号 期刊 发文量(篇) 影响因子(JCR2022) JCR分区 共被引期刊 被引频次(次) 影响因子(JCR2022) JCR分区 1 BMC Geriatr 99 4.1 Q2 J Am Geriatr Soc 4037 6.3 Q1 2 J Am Geriatr Soc 67 6.3 Q1 J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2164 5.1 Q2 3 BMJ Open 56 2.9 Q2 J Am Med Assoc 2144 120.7 Q1 4 Arch Gerontol Geriatr 53 4 Q2 J Clin Oncol 2105 45.4 Q1 5 J Geriatr Oncol 53 3 Q3 Lancet 1829 168.9 Q1 6 PLoS One 50 3.7 Q2 PLoS One 1815 3.7 Q2 7 Age Ageing 46 6.7 Q1 J Clin Epidemiol 1781 7.2 Q1 8 Int J Environ Res Public Health 36 NA NA New Engl J Med 1431 158.5 Q1 9 J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 34 5.1 Q2 Age Ageing 1382 6.7 Q1 10 J Am Med Dir Assoc 33 7.6 Q1 Blood 1193 20.3 Q1 表 5 出现频次、总连接强度居前20位的关键词
Table 5 Top 20 keywords in terms of frequency of occurrenceand total link strength
序号 关键词 出现频次(次) 总连接强度 1 multimorbidity 1172 2194 2 older adults 886 1706 3 frailty 206 468 4 aging 153 301 5 polypharmacy 138 312 6 depression 137 294 7 chronic disease 134 302 8 mortality 124 261 9 geriatric assessment 83 200 10 quality of life 80 188 11 cancer 75 213 12 dementia 74 145 13 epidemiology 70 132 14 disability 68 145 15 comprehensive geriatric assessment 62 151 16 geriatrics 60 144 17 primary care 58 116 18 anxiety 54 118 19 geriatric oncology 46 123 20 geriatric 44 102 表 6 被引频次居前15位的文献
Table 6 Top 15 cited articles
序号 作者及发表时间 文章题目 期刊名称 被引频次(次) 文章类别 1 Moussavi S等(2007年) Depression, chronic diseases, and decrements in health: results from the World Health Surveys Lancet 2586 Article 2 Kroenke K等(2009年) The PHQ-8 as a measure of current depression in the general population J Affect Disord 2575 Article 3 Marengoni A等(2011年) Aging with multimorbidity: A systematic review of the literature Ageing Res Rev 1645 Review 4 Wolff JL等(2002年) Prevalence, expenditures, and complications of multiple chronic conditions in the elderly Arch Intern Med 1480 Article 5 Diniz BS等(2013年) Late-life depression and risk of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based cohort studies Br J Psychiatry 763 Review 6 Repetto L等(2002年) Comprehensive geriatric assessment adds information to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status in elderly cancer patients: An Italian group for geriatric oncology study J Clin Oncol 676 Article 7 Salive ME(2013年) Multimorbidity in Older Adults Epidemiol Rev 669 Article 8 Lehnert T等(2011年) Health Care Utilization and Costs of Elderly Persons With Multiple Chronic Conditions Med Care Res Rev 468 Review 9 Hanlon P等(2018年) Frailty and pre-frailty in middle-aged and older adults and its association with multimorbidity and mortality: a prospective analysis of 493 737 UK Biobank participants Lancet Public Health 441 Article 10 Byers AL等(2010年) High Occurrence of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Among Older Adults The National Comorbidity Survey Replication Arch Gen Psychiatry 428 Article 11 Quoix E等(2011年) Carboplatin and weekly paclitaxel doublet chemotherapy compared with monotherapy in elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: IFCT-0501 randomised, phase 3 trial Lancet 417 Article 12 Diederichs C等(2011年) The measurement of multiple chronic diseases--a systematic review on existing multimorbidity indices J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 413 Review 13 Smith SM等(2012年) Managing patients with multimorbidity: systematic review of interventions in primary care and community settings BMJ 396 Article 14 Björgvinsson T等(2013年) Psychometric properties of the CES-D-10 in a psychiatric sample Assessment 389 Article 15 Smith SM等(2016年) Interventions for improving outcomes in patients with multimorbidity in primary care and community settings Cochrane DatabaseSyst Rev 384 Review -
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期刊类型引用(1)
1. 刘敏,杨金苹,赵金颜,乔建红. 老年共病患者自我感知老化、抑郁情绪与生活质量的相关性研究. 心理月刊. 2024(21): 58-60 . 百度学术
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