ZHAO Weigang. Interpretation on Clinical Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Elderly in China (2022 Edition)[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2022, 13(4): 574-580. DOI: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2022-0199
Citation: ZHAO Weigang. Interpretation on Clinical Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Elderly in China (2022 Edition)[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2022, 13(4): 574-580. DOI: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2022-0199

Interpretation on Clinical Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Elderly in China (2022 Edition)

More Information
  • Author Bio:

    ZHAO Weigang, E-mail: xiehezhaoweigang@163.com

  • Received Date: May 08, 2022
  • Accepted Date: June 05, 2022
  • Available Online: June 09, 2022
  • Issue Publish Date: July 29, 2022
  • According to the data of China's seventh national population census, the elderly population (≥60 years old) accounted for 18.7% of the total population in 2020. About 30%(78.13 million)of them suffer from diabetes mellitus, among which more than 95% have type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, current prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the elderly is unsatisfactory, and there is a tendency of weakening and negativity. Complications caused by poorly controlled blood glucose are the main risk factors jeopardizing the health and survival of the elderly. The Clinical Guidelines of Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Elderly in China (2022 Edition) that summarizes the domestic and foreign relevant guidelines and research on elderly diabetic patients, aims to establish and optimize the concept of prevention and treatment in the elderly with diabetes mellitus, promote the implementation of standardized measures of prevention and treatment, and constantly improve the overall management level of diabetes mellitus in the elderly. Therefore, it is necessary to interpret its important contents.
  • [1]
    中国老年2型糖尿病防治临床指南编写组. 中国老年2型糖尿病防治临床指南(2022年版)[J]. 中国糖尿病杂志, 2022, 30: 2-51. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6187.2022.01.002
    [2]
    Li Y, Teng D, Shi XG, et al. Prevalence of diabetes recorded in mainland China using 2018 diagnostic criteria from the American Diabetes Association: national cross sectional study[J]. BMJ, 2020, 369: m997.
    [3]
    Pan XR, Yang WY, Li GW, et al. Prevalence of diabetes and its risk factors in China, 1994. National Diabetes Prevention and Control Cooperative Group[J]. Diabetes Care, 1997, 20: 1664-1669. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.20.11.1664
    [4]
    Yang W, Lu J, Weng J, et al. Prevalence of diabetes among men and women in China[J]. N Engl J Med, 2010, 362: 1090-1101. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0908292
    [5]
    Xu Y, Wang L, He J, et al. Prevalence and control of diabetes in Chinese adults[J]. JAMA, 2013, 310: 948-959. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.168118
    [6]
    Wang L, Gao P, Zhang M, et al. Prevalence and Ethnic Pattern of Diabete and Prediabetes in China in 2013[J]. JAMA, 2017, 317: 2515-2523. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2017.7596
    [7]
    国家统计局. 第七次全国人口普查公报(第五号)[EB/OL ]. (2021-05-11)[2022-04-11]. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/202106/t20210628_1818824.html.
    [8]
    Yan ST, Li CX, Li CL, et al. Promotive effect of comprehensive management on achieving blood glucose control in senile type 2 diabetics[J]. Genet Mol Res, 2015, 14: 3062-3070.
    [9]
    Tinsley LJ, Kupelian V, D'Eon SA, et al. Association of Glycemic Control With Reduced Risk for Large-Vessel Disease After More Than 50 Years of Type 1 Diabetes[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2017, 102: 3704-3711. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00589
    [10]
    Thompson TJ, Engelgau MM, Hegazy M, et al. The onset of NIDDM and its relationship to clinical diagnosis in Egyptian adults[J]. Diabet Med, 1996, 13: 337-340. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199604)13:4<337::AID-DIA71>3.0.CO;2-A
    [11]
    Hou JN, Bi YF, Xu M, et al. The change points of HbA(1C) for detection of retinopathy in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients[J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2011, 91: 401-405. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2010.11.029
    [12]
    Lindström J, Peltonen M, Eriksson JG, et al. Improved lifestyle and decreased diabetes risk over 13years: long-term follow-up of the randomised Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS)[J]. Diabetologia, 2013, 56: 284-293. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2752-5
    [13]
    Kawamori R, Tajima N, Iwamoto Y, et al. Voglibose for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomised, double-blind trial in Japanese individuals with impaired glucose tolerance[J]. Lancet, 2009, 373: 1607-1614. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60222-1
    [14]
    Gaede P, Lund-Andersen H, Parving HH, et al. Effect of a multifactorial intervention on mortality in type 2 diabetes[J]. N Engl J Med, 2008, 358: 580-591. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0706245
    [15]
    Gæde P, Oellgaard J, Carstensen B, et al. Years of life gained by multifactorial intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria: 21years follow-up on the Steno-2 randomised trial[J]. Diabetologia, 2016, 59: 2298-2307. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4065-6
    [16]
    ADVANCE Collaborative Group, Patel A, MacMahon S, et al. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes[J]. N Engl J Med, 2008, 358: 2560-2572. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0802987
    [17]
    Gerstein HC, Riddle MC, Kendall DM, et al. Glycemia treatment strategies in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial[J]. Am J Cardiol, 2007, 99: 34i-43i.
    [18]
    van Hateren KJ, Landman GW, Kleefstra N, et al. Glycae-mic control and the risk of mortality in elderly type 2 diabetic patients (ZODIAC-20)[J]. Int J Clin Pract, 2011, 65: 415-419. DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02596.x
    [19]
    American Diabetes Association. Glycemic Targets: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetesd 2018[J]. Diabetes Care, 2018, 41: S55-S64.
    [20]
    Garber AJ, Abrahamson MJ, Barzilay JI, et al. Consensus Statement by The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on The Comprehensive Type 2 Diabetes Management ALGORITHM-2017 Executive Summary[J]. Endocr Pract, 2017, 23: 207-238.
    [21]
    Araki E, Haneda M, Kasuga M et al. New glycemic targets for patients with diabetes from the Japan Diabetes Society[J]. J Diabetes Investig, 2017, 8: 123-125. DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12600
    [22]
    Lu JY, Ma XJ, Zhou J, et al. Association of Time in Range, as Assessed by Continuous Glucose Monitoring, With Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes[J]. Diabetes Care, 2018, 41: 2370-2376. DOI: 10.2337/dc18-1131
    [23]
    戴冬君, 陆静毅, 张磊, 等. 应用葡萄糖在目标范围内时间评价2型糖尿病血糖控制情况的适宜切点分析[J]. 中华医学杂志, 2020, 100: 2990-2996. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20200619-01895

    Dai DJ, Lu JY, Zhang L, et al. The appropriate cut-off point of time in range (TIR) for evaluating glucose control in type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Zhognhua Yixue Zazhi, 2020, 100: 2990-2996. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20200619-01895
    [24]
    Lu J, Wang C, Shen Y, et al. Time in Range in Relation to All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study[J]. Diabetes Care, 2021, 44: 549-555. DOI: 10.2337/dc20-1862
    [25]
    Battelino T, Danne T, Bergenstal RM, et al. Clinical targets for continuous glucose monitoring data interpretation: recommendations from the international consensus on time in range[J]. Diabetes Care, 2019, 42: 1593-1603.
    [26]
    中国老年保健医学研究会老年内分泌与代谢病分会, 中国毒理学会临床毒理专业委员会. 老年人多重用药安全管理专家共识[J]. 中国全科医学, 2018, 21: 3533-3544. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2018.00.225
    [27]
    Norwood P, Liutkus JF, Haber H, et al. Safety of exenatide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with a thiazolidinedione alone or in combination with metformin for 2 years[J]. Clin Ther, 2012, 34: 2082-2090.
    [28]
    Kadowaki T, Nangaku M, Hantel S, et al. Empagliflozin and kidney outcomes in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease: Results from the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial[J]. J Diabetes Investig, 2019, 10: 760-770.
    [29]
    Mosenzon O, Wiviott SD, Cahn A, et al. Effects of dapagliflozin on development and progression of kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: an analysis from the DECLARE-TIMI 58 randomised trial[J]. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2019, 7: 606-617.
    [30]
    Gomes MB, Rathmann W, Charbonnel B, et al. Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus worldwide: Baseline patient characteristics in the global DISCOVER study[J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2019, 151: 20-32.
    [31]
    Xie X, Atkins E, Lv J, et al. Effects of intensive blood pressure lowering on cardiovascular and renal outcomes: updated systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Lancet, 2016, 387: 435-443.
    [32]
    高尿酸血症相关疾病诊疗多学科共识专家组. 中国高尿酸血症相关疾病诊疗多学科专家共识[J]. 中华内科杂志, 2017, 56: 235-248.
    [33]
    中华医学会内分泌学分会. 中国高尿酸血症与痛风诊疗指南(2019)[J]. 中华内分泌代谢杂志, 2020, 36: 1-13. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LCLZ202007023.htm
    [34]
    Ferrari SL, Abrahamsen B, Napoli N, et al. Diagnosis and management of bone fragility in diabetes: an emerging challenge[J]. Osteoporos Int, 2018, 29: 2585-2596.
    [35]
    吴芸杨, 陈晓宏, 季晶俊, 等. 肌肉衰减综合征的诊断和治疗进展[J]. 医学综述, 2020, 26: 4499-4503. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YXZS202022025.htm

    Wu YY, Chen XH, Ji JJ, et al. Research Progress of Diagnosis and Treatment of Sarcopenia[J]. Yixue Zongshu, 2020, 26: 4499-4503. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YXZS202022025.htm
    [36]
    Boccardi V, Murasecco I, Mecocci P. Diabetes drugs in the fight against Alzheimer's disease[J]. Ageing Res Rev, 2019, 54: 100936.
    [37]
    Lee AA, Piette JD, Heisler M, et al. Diabetes self-management and glycemic control: The role of autonomy support from informal health supporters[J]. Health Psychol, 2019, 38: 122-132.
    [38]
    Lee AA, Heisler M, Trivedi R, et al. Autonomy support from informal health supporters: links with self-care activi-ties, healthcare engagement, metabolic outcomes, and cardiac risk among Veterans with type 2 diabetes[J]. J Behav Med, 2021, 44: 241-252.
    [39]
    Koetsenruijter J, Eikelenboom Nv, Lieshout Jv, et al. Social support and self-management capabilities in diabetes patients: An international observational study[J]. Patient Educ Couns, 2016, 99: 638-643.
  • Related Articles

    [1]JIANG Nan, TIAN Xinping, ZENG Xiaofeng. Interpretation on the 2024 Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2025, 16(1): 28-34. DOI: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2024-1018
    [2]ZHANG Shan, LIU Jie. Interpretation of NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Primary Cutaneous Lymphomas (Version 1.2024) Based on the Current Diagnosis and Treatment Status of China[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2024, 15(5): 1029-1037. DOI: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2024-0605
    [3]TIAN Zhuang, ZHANG Shuyang. Interpretation on Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Heart Failure 2024[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2024, 15(4): 801-806. DOI: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2024-0292
    [4]JIN Shangyi, TIAN Xinping. Interpretation on the Chinese Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Takayasu's Arteritis (2023)[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2024, 15(3): 560-566. DOI: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2024-0209
    [5]LIANG Yan. Interpretation on the 2023 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Chronic Coronary Disease[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2024, 15(2): 312-319. DOI: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2024-0043
    [6]JIA Zhimeng, Rebecca Colman, NING Xiaohong. Interpretation on Management of Dyspnea in Advanced Cancer: ASCO Guideline[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2024, 15(1): 52-57. DOI: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2023-0517
    [7]ZUO Wei, LIU Rongji, SUN Yajia, ZHANG Bo, CHEN Yaolong, ZHANG Shuyang. Interpretation on Management Guideline for the Off-label Use of Drugs in China(2021 Edition)[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2023, 14(1): 86-93. DOI: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2022-0588
    [8]WANG Lin, SONG Hongmei. Interpretation on Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Childhood-onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2022, 13(3): 412-420. DOI: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2022-0018
    [9]Peng PENG, Yang XIANG. Reflecting the Achievements of Practice and Leading the Future Direction: Interpretation on Cervical Cancer Staging of the International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology in 2018[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2020, 11(1): 12-15. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-9081.20190164
    [10]Wei WANG, Ling-ya PAN. The Concept of Evidence-based Medicine Leads to Better Clinical Outcomes: Guidelines for Enhanced Recovery after Surgery in Gynecologic/ Oncology 2019 Update and Interpretation[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2019, 10(6): 582-588. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-9081.2019.06.006
  • Cited by

    Periodical cited type(47)

    1. 熊凤仙,李勤,杨锦湄,陶款,李慧芳,周子尾. 老年2型糖尿病病人营养状况及护理干预研究进展. 全科护理. 2025(01): 55-58 .
    2. 付林杰,苏海玉,李海志. sglt2抑制剂联合二甲双胍治疗二型糖尿病的Meta分析. 医学信息. 2025(01): 49-54 .
    3. 吴彤,李留峥,罗康虹,者晓玲,罗有娟,陈滨,李艳. 糖尿病患者就医行为的研究进展. 护士进修杂志. 2025(05): 545-549 .
    4. 康璐,孙黎彤,孙慧. 精细化护理联合实时动态血糖监测在2型糖尿病患者胰岛素泵治疗中的应用. 糖尿病新世界. 2025(03): 101-104 .
    5. 褚文静,田雅楠,秦诗阳,曹雪松,马玉龙,丁华杰,刘会玲. 左心自动应变分析评价高脂血症对2型糖尿病患者左心功能的影响. 分子影像学杂志. 2024(02): 189-195 .
    6. 张青,张维森,江朝强,靳雅丽,徐琳. 广州社区中老年人群肥胖、身体活动与血清肝功能指标的相关性研究. 华南预防医学. 2024(03): 199-204 .
    7. 布买丽亚木·买买提艾力,陈杰. 基于胰腺CT的影像组学在预测糖耐量受损人群胰岛素抵抗中的应用价值. 中国中西医结合影像学杂志. 2024(03): 250-254+281 .
    8. 郑敏. 消渴健脾汤联合甘精胰岛素、伏格列波糖对初发2型糖尿病患者血糖波动的影响. 中国现代药物应用. 2024(13): 134-136 .
    9. 王莹,刘婷,张超. 利拉鲁肽对超重2型糖尿病患者血糖水平及胰岛素抵抗的影响. 糖尿病新世界. 2024(09): 66-69 .
    10. 布买丽亚木·买买提艾力,陈杰. 医学影像学在糖尿病患者胰腺功能分析中的研究进展. 新疆医学. 2024(05): 598-602 .
    11. 高贵秀,胡晶. 德谷门冬双胰岛素注射液联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病患者的疗效及对其血糖水平、不良反应的影响研究. 中国实用医药. 2024(15): 115-118 .
    12. 陈金华. 恩格列净对2型糖尿病患者血糖水平及胰岛素抵抗的影响. 医学信息. 2024(18): 96-99 .
    13. 黄珠晶,黄文芳,黄文丹,张铄文,黄丹,杨婧,严敏玲. 精神分裂症合并2型糖尿病患者采用正念疗法联合健身操干预的效果观察. 慢性病学杂志. 2024(09): 1399-1402 .
    14. 葛杰,贾月辉,杨晓蕾,陈佳欣,白丽,韩云峰,谢志平,王丽敏. 1990—2021年中国中老年人群2型糖尿病疾病负担趋势分析. 中国医学前沿杂志(电子版). 2024(08): 46-53 .
    15. 杨忠强,郑娅,熊鑫,袁朝辉. 中老年糖尿病性白内障患者超乳联合IOL植入术后发生角膜水肿的影响因素. 国际眼科杂志. 2024(11): 1826-1830 .
    16. 黄素琼,李玲,张颖,周仲芳. 在职体检人群糖尿病流行情况及危险因素分析. 糖尿病新世界. 2024(14): 25-29 .
    17. 童丹蕾,马卓飞,姜艳,左远娟,唐乾利. 基于PI3K/AKT/FoxO1信号通路探讨湿润烧伤膏对糖尿病大鼠创面EMT过程的作用. 时珍国医国药. 2024(10): 2351-2361 .
    18. 陆薪旭,韦喆. 早期糖尿病肾病血糖、血脂及炎性因子的变化分析. 糖尿病新世界. 2024(15): 196-198 .
    19. 周晓明. 德谷门冬双胰岛素联合米格列醇治疗2型糖尿病的临床疗效及安全性研究. 中外医学研究. 2024(30): 122-127 .
    20. 陈明霞. 运动康复护理在老年冠心病合并糖尿病中的应用. 中国医药指南. 2024(32): 142-144 .
    21. 梁莉. 协同护理模式在老年糖尿病患者护理中的应用. 内蒙古医学杂志. 2024(10): 1277-1279 .
    22. 高彩红,朱蓓,石磊,袁春兰. 影响上海九亭镇社区老年2型糖尿病患者血糖控制的因素分析. 上海医药. 2024(18): 41-44 .
    23. 程玲,江昊天,苏璇,杨杨. 司美格鲁肽治疗2型糖尿病合并心血管疾病高危因素1例. 中华糖尿病杂志. 2024(Z1): 164-166 .
    24. 陈少华,吴鸣蝉,叶惠珍. 手术室护理干预在预防胆结石伴糖尿病患者术后切口感染中的作用分析. 糖尿病新世界. 2024(20): 14-16+25 .
    25. 唐萍,匡雪梅,周娇. 双轨延续性健康宣教结合康复功能锻炼在肺癌合并2型糖尿病患者中的应用效果. 糖尿病新世界. 2024(21): 117-120 .
    26. 汪婉婷,都欢,张文璎,周淑贞,黄翠琴. 妊娠期糖尿病患者饮食依从性的影响因素分析. 上海医学. 2024(10): 628-634 .
    27. 魏巧,叶佩珏,袁恺,何金. 探究达格列净联合二甲双胍对血糖控制不佳老年2型糖尿病患者的临床疗效. 糖尿病新世界. 2024(24): 106-109 .
    28. 王梅丽,周小智,刘善淘,郑小芬,彭鑫,郭剑平. 利拉鲁肽、达格列净对肥胖2型糖尿病患者TyG-BMI指数、ET-1、IL-6的影响. 现代诊断与治疗. 2024(24): 3662-3664 .
    29. 白喜同,张鹏宇. 老年住院2型糖尿病患者潜在不适当用药. 中国医药指南. 2023(07): 1-6 .
    30. 石文莉,杨丹,潘红英. 糖尿病足截肢患者及照顾者真实体验质性研究的Meta整合. 护理与康复. 2023(04): 20-24 .
    31. 赵伟萍,奚紫薇,张渊蓓. 基于保护动机理论构建的干预方案在社区老年2型糖尿病患者中的应用. 现代养生. 2023(09): 703-706 .
    32. 彭琳,张秀霞. 糖尿病病人健康相关行为保护动机量表的编制及信效度检验. 护理研究. 2023(11): 1926-1933 .
    33. 黄金梅,唐婷,韦柳叶,左远娟,贺佐分,龚元勋,姜艳,郭文闻,谭奔,唐乾利. MEBT/MEBO对糖尿病大鼠难愈合创面中ZEB1/LAMA3/ITGA3信号通路表达的影响. 现代中西医结合杂志. 2023(10): 1322-1329 .
    34. 刘晓东,张陵检,刘正太. 恩格列净+二甲双胍治疗老年2型糖尿病的效果及安全性分析. 糖尿病新世界. 2023(10): 22-25 .
    35. 杨晓赞,王丽辉,彭丽萍,温中梅. 老年2型糖尿病合并侵袭性肺真菌病的研究进展. 中国老年学杂志. 2023(16): 4087-4092 .
    36. 张月灏,吕洁萍,张涵云,张鼎发. 环泊酚与丙泊酚在全麻诱导期对2型糖尿病患者凝血功能影响的比较. 实用药物与临床. 2023(08): 714-718 .
    37. 刘艳,杨立宏. 中医药治疗老年糖尿病性视网膜病变的临床进展. 新疆中医药. 2023(04): 124-126 .
    38. 刘文娟,李敏. 门冬胰岛素30强化降糖联合达格列净对2型糖尿病患者的降糖效果及对血糖变异性、胰岛功能的影响. 大医生. 2023(16): 27-30 .
    39. 李京旸,张晓丽,姜敏,司银楚. 老年2型糖尿病患者25-(OH)D_3、NLR、PLR与糖尿病肾病的相关性研究. 中华中医药杂志. 2023(07): 3478-3482 .
    40. 黄丹萍. 利拉鲁肽、甘精胰岛素对2型糖尿病患者体质量指数、空腹血糖等指标的影响研究. 现代医学与健康研究电子杂志. 2023(18): 7-9 .
    41. 陈丽磊,潘爱娣,董文琴,周美景. 糖尿病门诊护理在糖尿病健康教育中的应用价值分析. 糖尿病新世界. 2023(18): 143-146 .
    42. 李井,李竹. 司美格鲁肽治疗2型糖尿病合并支架植入术后冠心病患者1例. 中华糖尿病杂志. 2023(Z1): 123-125 .
    43. 赵丽娜. 循证支持全方位护理在慢阻肺合并糖尿病患者中的应用效果. 当代护士(下旬刊). 2023(12): 24-29 .
    44. 穆思聪,韩博,吴寿鹏. 老年药物性低血糖临床误诊分析. 临床误诊误治. 2023(09): 14-17 .
    45. 王庆丰,谢文红,谢先茂,袁海花. 医院-社区-家庭三元联动延续护理在2型糖尿病患者中的效果研究. 黑龙江中医药. 2023(03): 269-271 .
    46. 薛月星. 跨理论模式的饮食干预对2型糖尿病患者BMI及HbA_(1c)表达水平的影响. 中华养生保健. 2023(18): 99-102 .
    47. 黎汝琦,田国平. 达格列净对2型糖尿病患者12导联心电图的影响. 中国处方药. 2022(09): 151-153 .

    Other cited types(21)

Catalog

    Article Metrics

    Article views (3973) PDF downloads (987) Cited by(68)
    Related

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return
    x Close Forever Close