2000—2023年国际老年人共病研究文献计量学分析

张宁, 张晓辰, 何牧, 孙晓红, 康琳, 曲璇, 朱鸣雷

张宁, 张晓辰, 何牧, 孙晓红, 康琳, 曲璇, 朱鸣雷. 2000—2023年国际老年人共病研究文献计量学分析[J]. 协和医学杂志, 2024, 15(4): 867-876. DOI: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2023-0516
引用本文: 张宁, 张晓辰, 何牧, 孙晓红, 康琳, 曲璇, 朱鸣雷. 2000—2023年国际老年人共病研究文献计量学分析[J]. 协和医学杂志, 2024, 15(4): 867-876. DOI: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2023-0516
ZHANG Ning, ZHANG Xiaochen, HE Mu, SUN Xiaohong, KANG Lin, QU Xuan, ZHU Minglei. A Bibliometric Analysis of the Global Research on Multimorbidity in Older Adults from 2000 to 2023[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2024, 15(4): 867-876. DOI: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2023-0516
Citation: ZHANG Ning, ZHANG Xiaochen, HE Mu, SUN Xiaohong, KANG Lin, QU Xuan, ZHU Minglei. A Bibliometric Analysis of the Global Research on Multimorbidity in Older Adults from 2000 to 2023[J]. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2024, 15(4): 867-876. DOI: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2023-0516

2000—2023年国际老年人共病研究文献计量学分析

基金项目: 

中央高水平医院临床科研专项 2022-PUMCH-B-132

详细信息
    通讯作者:

    孙晓红,E-mail:sunxiaoh2010@126.com

  • 中图分类号: R592; R181.2

A Bibliometric Analysis of the Global Research on Multimorbidity in Older Adults from 2000 to 2023

Funds: 

National High Level Hospital Clinical Research 2022-PUMCH-B-132

More Information
  • 摘要:
    目的 

    分析2000—2023年老年人共病领域的国际研究趋势及前沿热点,以期为老年人共病研究提供借鉴。

    方法 

    检索Web of Science数据库,将文献类型限制为“Article”或“Review”,纳入发表时间为2000年1月1日—2023年10月24日的老年人共病相关英文文献。采用VOSviewer 1.6.18软件对文献中的内容进行提取,并绘制高产国家/地区(发文量≥30篇)、机构(发文量≥43篇)的合作网络图及高频关键词(出现频次≥74次)的共现关系时间线图。采用CiteSpace 6.1.R6软件对作者、研究机构、国家等信息进行共现和聚类分析。采用R语言“bibliometrix”包分析文献的关键词演变趋势。

    结果 

    共获得老年人共病相关文献2590篇(包括Article 2230篇、Review 360篇)。自2000年以来全球发文量快速增长,美国在该领域的发文量(35.02%,907/2590)及总被引频次(31 343次)均最多。加拿大多伦多大学的发文量最大(2.59%,67/2590),加拿大麦克马斯特大学的Jenny Ploeg(1.24%,32/2590)是成果产出最多的作者。BMC Geriatr(3.82%,99/2590)是收录老年人共病相关文献最多的期刊。该领域高频关键词主要为“multimorbidity”“older adults”“frailty”“aging”和“polypharmacy”。

    结论 

    近年来,老年人共病研究的热点主要集中于老年人共病与衰老的关系,以及与共病相关的衰弱和多重用药方面。未来可更多围绕老年综合评估、初级卫生保健以及生活质量等内容展开研究。

    Abstract:
    Objective 

    To analyze the research trends and cutting-edge hot spots in the field of multimorbidity in older adults from 2000 to 2023 to provide reference for related research.

    Methods 

    We conducted a search in the Web of Science Core Collection database, specifically looking for articles or reviews in English on multimorbidity in older adults published between January 1, 2000 and October 24, 2023. VOSviewer 1.6.18 software was used to extract the contents in the literature and draw the cooperative network diagram of high-producing countries(≥30 articles) and institutions(≥43 articles) as well as the timeline diagram of high-frequency keywords(≥74 occurrences) co-occurrence relationship. CiteSpace 6.1.R6 software was used to co-occur and cluster analyze the information of authors, research institutions and countries. The "bibliometrix" package in R was used to analyze the evolution of keywords in the literature.

    Results 

    A total of 2590 documents consisting of 2230 Articles and 360 Reviews were obtained. The worldwide publication count significantly increased since 2000. Among the countries, the United States had the highest number of publications (35.02%, 907/2590) and total citations(31 343 times) in this field. The University of Toronto in Canada had the largest number of articles(2.59%, 67/2590). Jenny Ploeg of McMaster University was recognized as the most prolific author(1.24%, 32/2590). When it came to journals, BMC Geriatrics had the highest amount of literature related to multimorbidity(3.82%, 99/2590). The key areas of research in this field included multimorbidity, older adults, frailty, aging, and polypharmacy. Notably, there was growing interest in studying the relationship between multimorbidity and aging in older adults, as well as the impact of frailty and polypharmacy on multimorbidities.

    Conclusions 

    In recent years, research on multimorbidities in the elderly has primarily centered around examining the correlation between comorbidities and aging, as well as exploring the impact of frailty and polypharmacy on individuals with multimorbidities. Future research could delve into primary health care, comprehensive geriatric assessment for older adults with multimorbidities, and maintenance of their overall quality of life.

  • 人们对缓和医疗的概念可能并不生疏,但对其认识尚且不够,对其理解抑或存在较大偏颇。无论是医生还是公众,都需要加深对缓和医疗重要性的认识,同时更深入地践行这一理念。

    所谓缓和医疗,是指对慢性疾病、不可自愈/难以治愈之症、疾病晚期患者或年迈体弱者,医疗不力或救治无方,为尊重病患及其家人的意愿,为减轻其痛苦和症状,改善生命或生活质量的一种医疗对策[1]

    事实上,疾病晚期患者临近死亡(或称濒死),是正常的生命过程。缓和医疗也是医疗过程,包含心理调适、营养支持、症状缓解、康复保健、改善预后、慰藉家人等,与延长生命并不矛盾。这些对策和措施,正是人文理念和人文关怀的体现,亦是医学及缓和医疗的本源[2]。正如特鲁多的墓志铭所阐述的,“有时是治愈,常常是帮助,而总是慰籍”。

    “和缓是悉”,由来久矣。早在我国南朝,谢灵运的《山居赋》中即写道: “雷桐是别,和缓是悉”。雷、桐是古代的两位药学先祖,和、缓是古代两位名医,药神辨识草药之别,医圣明确病患之悉。尽管如此,面对诸多疾病,往往神药亦无力,圣医亦无方。此时,或者“古方治今病,和缓技亦穷”,或者人们还在留恋是否“如彼久病者,不敢忘和缓”还是“疏淪(音同药)费虽多,尺寸皆有功”呢?

    于是,我们必须承认,此时最好的医疗是人文关怀,即“和缓是悉”。这就是医圣和、缓留给我们的无价财富与医疗真谛!

    缓和医疗涉及两个重要概念: 临终关怀(terminal care or hospice care)和终极关怀(ultimate concern)[3]。二者是不同的,临终关怀更侧重于具体的医疗措施,“临终”二字又显得狭隘、刺耳和难耐。而终极关怀则是对于生命的终极认识,比如生老病死、苦难痛殇。终极关怀其实是个哲学问题,亦是我们现今惯常的所谓“三观”(世界观、人生观、价值观),这里侧重于对生命、身体、生活、健康、疾病与死亡的认识、理解和态度。这是每个人都必须面对,且必然要经历和选择的。

    诞生或者死亡,发育或者缺陷,健康或者罹病,是科学的、生物学的、哲学的,也是自然的、宗教的、神秘的。医学当然要遵循自然规律和生命规律,但也有可能打破生死的自然轨迹,从而误导人类抗拒必然的生命过程。问题是作为医者,我们需要真正理解什么是生命的意义,以及什么是死亡的意义。现实中,我们确实在寻找消除病痛、延长生命的药物和方法,但也应该避免无意义的,甚至善意的扰乱。我们应该清楚地认识到,长生不老、无疾而终、健康长寿、万寿无疆,只不过是敬语和神话。

    有了对于终极关怀的认识和理解,有了对于临终关怀的具体办法,我们对于缓和医疗就有了更深层次的认识和领会,也有助于更好地开展缓和医疗工作。可以认为,终极关怀是临终关怀或缓和医疗的目标和升华,临终关怀或缓和医疗是终极关怀的体现和实施。

    医学是一个复杂的认知系统,是自然科学与社会科学或人文科学的结合。其关乎国家、民族、社会、家庭、个人健康及幸福。所谓“天地神圣,生命至上”。为此,我们要实施全生命周期的健康管理。所谓全生命周期,就是从生到死的人生各个阶段。现阶段,缓和医疗可能更多实施于年长者,但在生命的各个阶段我们都会遇到不同的健康问题,缓和医疗理念在这些阶段具有同样重要的意义。

    医学的认识和实践有两个明显的特征:一是局限性,二是风险性。所谓局限性,就是认知的局限,由于人体的复杂性以及人与环境(自然与社会)的交叉性,形成了诸多影响和变数。因此,我们对于疾病的认识和处理可能是局限的、片面的,甚至是错误的。二是风险性,因为医疗的对象是活的人体,诊断、治疗、药物、手术等都会有风险,是“危险的丛林”。先哲们告诫我们,临床工作“如临深渊,如履薄冰”,要“戒慎恐惧”。

    近二三十年,医学在其他各个学科,特别是在遗传学、分子生物学、机械工艺学等技术的推动下,于颠簸中快速发展。诚然,技术的进步给医疗领域带来了巨大推动力,但也带来了诸多问题。过度诊断、过度治疗,过分相信和依赖机器检查及化验报告,脱离临床、脱离实际等的倾向日趋严重。数字化冲淡了医学的人文观念, 隔离了医生与患者,这给临床医学带来了巨大影响,却也进一步凸显了缓和医疗的重要性。

    缓和医疗方兴未艾,可以说其是个幸运者,同时又是个逆行者。未来,缓和医疗必须紧密联系临床,既要走到患者床边去做面对面的具体工作,更要进行多学科协作,共同管理患者全生命周期各个阶段的各种问题。无论是大医院还是小诊所,缓和医疗都同样重要,都要践行和发展这一理念。北京协和医院是全国疑难重症诊疗中心,是医疗、教学和科研的结合与转化基地,应该在推动缓和医疗发展中发挥引领和示范作用,因此任重而道远。

    缓和医疗不是一枝奇葩的花朵,而是一片关爱的森林。

    作者贡献:张宁负责论文构思、数据分析、论文撰写;张晓辰负责文献检索、文献筛选、数据分析;何牧负责文献筛选、数据分析;康琳、曲璇、朱鸣雷负责文献检索及论文修订;孙晓红负责论文修订与审核。
    利益冲突:所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突
  • 图  1   2590篇老年人共病研究文献年发文量及被引频次分布情况

    Figure  1.   Distribution of annual publications and citation frequency of 2590 co-morbidity research literature on older adults

    图  2   发文量≥30篇的国家/地区合作网络图

    注:各节点间的连线表明二者存在合作关系,连线越粗表示合作关系越强。美国所代表的红色条带宽度、与其他条带的连接宽度均最大

    Figure  2.   Map of cooperation network of countries/regions with ≥30 publications

    图  3   发文量居前10位的研究机构合作网络图

    Figure  3.   Collaborative network map of the top 10 research institutions in terms of number of publications

    表  1   发文量、连接强度、被引频次居前10位的国家

    Table  1   Top 10 countries in terms of number of publications, link strength and frequency of citations

    序号 国家 发文量(篇) 国家 连接强度 国家 被引频次(次)
    1 美国 907 英国 396 美国 31 343
    2 英国 240 美国 371 英国 10099
    3 加拿大 228 意大利 323 意大利 9258
    4 意大利 206 西班牙 300 荷兰 7193
    5 荷兰 200 荷兰 278 加拿大 7191
    6 德国 191 德国 254 德国 5782
    7 中国 185 澳大利亚 243 瑞典 5086
    8 西班牙 184 法国 193 瑞士 4462
    9 澳大利亚 183 加拿大 170 西班牙 3944
    10 瑞典 105 比利时 170 澳大利亚 3693
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   发文量、被引频次及共被引频次居前10位的作者

    Table  2   Top 10 authors in terms of number of publications, citation frequency and co-citation frequency

    序号 作者 发文量(篇) 作者 被引频次(次) 作者 共被引频次(次)
    1 Jenny Ploeg 32 Alessandra Marengoni 3491 Alessandra Marengoni 566
    2 Maureen Markle-Reid 29 Laura Fratiglioni 2794 Linda P Fried 496
    3 Davide L.Vetrano 29 Susan M.Smith 1419 Martin Fortin 437
    4 Alessandra Marengoni 28 Graziano Onder 1186 Mary E.Charlson 425
    5 Cynthia M.Boyd 22 Martin Fortin 1123 World Health Organization 400
    6 Amaia Calderon-Larranaga 22 Davide L.Vetrano 997 Cynthia M.Boyd 357
    7 Graziano Onder 22 Cynthia M.Boyd 972 Karen Barnett 342
    8 Laura Fratiglioni 21 Jenny Ploeg 963 Mary E Tinetti 335
    9 Ai Koyanagi 17 Maureen Markle-Reid 815 Martine Exterman 293
    10 Kathryn Fisher 16 Emma Wallace 799 Ronald C.Kessler 273
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   发文量、总连接强度、被引频次居前10位的研究机构

    Table  3   Top 10 research institutions in terms of number of publications, total link strength and citation frequency

    序号 机构名称 发文量(篇) 机构名称 总连接强度 机构名称 被引频次(次)
    1 多伦多大学 67 卡罗林斯卡学院 164 卡罗林斯卡学院 4128
    2 卡罗林斯卡学院 63 多伦多大学 135 哥伦比亚大学 3640
    3 麦克马斯特大学 53 斯德哥尔摩大学 125 布雷西亚大学 3552
    4 约翰斯·霍普金斯大学 51 约翰斯·霍普金斯大学 117 约翰斯·霍普金斯大学 3343
    5 华盛顿大学 50 杜克大学 115 斯德哥尔摩大学 3055
    6 密歇根州立大学 49 加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校 114 斯德哥尔摩老年研究中心 2830
    7 杜克大学 47 布雷西亚大学 102 伦敦卫生与热带医学院 2731
    8 加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校 45 哈佛医学院 100 印第安纳大学 2653
    9 悉尼大学 45 圣心天主教大学 96 拉德堡德大学 2570
    10 伦敦国王学院 43 斯德哥尔摩老年研究中心 94 匹兹堡大学 2134
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4   发文量、被引频次居前10位的期刊

    Table  4   Top 10 journals in terms of number of publications and frequency of citations

    序号 期刊 发文量(篇) 影响因子(JCR2022) JCR分区 共被引期刊 被引频次(次) 影响因子(JCR2022) JCR分区
    1 BMC Geriatr 99 4.1 Q2 J Am Geriatr Soc 4037 6.3 Q1
    2 J Am Geriatr Soc 67 6.3 Q1 J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2164 5.1 Q2
    3 BMJ Open 56 2.9 Q2 J Am Med Assoc 2144 120.7 Q1
    4 Arch Gerontol Geriatr 53 4 Q2 J Clin Oncol 2105 45.4 Q1
    5 J Geriatr Oncol 53 3 Q3 Lancet 1829 168.9 Q1
    6 PLoS One 50 3.7 Q2 PLoS One 1815 3.7 Q2
    7 Age Ageing 46 6.7 Q1 J Clin Epidemiol 1781 7.2 Q1
    8 Int J Environ Res Public Health 36 NA NA New Engl J Med 1431 158.5 Q1
    9 J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 34 5.1 Q2 Age Ageing 1382 6.7 Q1
    10 J Am Med Dir Assoc 33 7.6 Q1 Blood 1193 20.3 Q1
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5   出现频次、总连接强度居前20位的关键词

    Table  5   Top 20 keywords in terms of frequency of occurrenceand total link strength

    序号 关键词 出现频次(次) 总连接强度
    1 multimorbidity 1172 2194
    2 older adults 886 1706
    3 frailty 206 468
    4 aging 153 301
    5 polypharmacy 138 312
    6 depression 137 294
    7 chronic disease 134 302
    8 mortality 124 261
    9 geriatric assessment 83 200
    10 quality of life 80 188
    11 cancer 75 213
    12 dementia 74 145
    13 epidemiology 70 132
    14 disability 68 145
    15 comprehensive geriatric assessment 62 151
    16 geriatrics 60 144
    17 primary care 58 116
    18 anxiety 54 118
    19 geriatric oncology 46 123
    20 geriatric 44 102
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6   被引频次居前15位的文献

    Table  6   Top 15 cited articles

    序号 作者及发表时间 文章题目 期刊名称 被引频次(次) 文章类别
    1 Moussavi S等(2007年) Depression, chronic diseases, and decrements in health: results from the World Health Surveys Lancet 2586 Article
    2 Kroenke K等(2009年) The PHQ-8 as a measure of current depression in the general population J Affect Disord 2575 Article
    3 Marengoni A等(2011年) Aging with multimorbidity: A systematic review of the literature Ageing Res Rev 1645 Review
    4 Wolff JL等(2002年) Prevalence, expenditures, and complications of multiple chronic conditions in the elderly Arch Intern Med 1480 Article
    5 Diniz BS等(2013年) Late-life depression and risk of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based cohort studies Br J Psychiatry 763 Review
    6 Repetto L等(2002年) Comprehensive geriatric assessment adds information to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status in elderly cancer patients: An Italian group for geriatric oncology study J Clin Oncol 676 Article
    7 Salive ME(2013年) Multimorbidity in Older Adults Epidemiol Rev 669 Article
    8 Lehnert T等(2011年) Health Care Utilization and Costs of Elderly Persons With Multiple Chronic Conditions Med Care Res Rev 468 Review
    9 Hanlon P等(2018年) Frailty and pre-frailty in middle-aged and older adults and its association with multimorbidity and mortality: a prospective analysis of 493 737 UK Biobank participants Lancet Public Health 441 Article
    10 Byers AL等(2010年) High Occurrence of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Among Older Adults The National Comorbidity Survey Replication Arch Gen Psychiatry 428 Article
    11 Quoix E等(2011年) Carboplatin and weekly paclitaxel doublet chemotherapy compared with monotherapy in elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: IFCT-0501 randomised, phase 3 trial Lancet 417 Article
    12 Diederichs C等(2011年) The measurement of multiple chronic diseases--a systematic review on existing multimorbidity indices J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 413 Review
    13 Smith SM等(2012年) Managing patients with multimorbidity: systematic review of interventions in primary care and community settings BMJ 396 Article
    14 Björgvinsson T等(2013年) Psychometric properties of the CES-D-10 in a psychiatric sample Assessment 389 Article
    15 Smith SM等(2016年) Interventions for improving outcomes in patients with multimorbidity in primary care and community settings Cochrane DatabaseSyst Rev 384 Review
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2023-11-01
  • 录用日期:  2023-11-27
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-12-08
  • 发布日期:  2023-12-07
  • 刊出日期:  2024-07-29

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